1) What is a computer network? is known as a “telelcommunication network” that transfers and exchanges data from machine to machine. It communicates and works with machines in order to accomplish tasks such as email, file share and basic communication. The Internet is the biggest and most well known computer network, as it can be accessed by virtually every computer. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network
2) LANs (Local Area Networks) – smaller and used for private and/or personal uses. LANs are smaller scale, and usually not as powerful as WANs since WANs can support many more users.
WANs (Wide Area Networks – bigger range, can be supportive of a big group of users engaging with this network. WANs are so powerful because for example, they are used in schools, office buildings, and general public, which will be used much more than LANs which are usually used for private purposes
Internet – the world wide network that can be accessed by anyone from anywhere. This network contains search engines, social media websites, and endless amounts of information, at the tip of your fingers
Intranet – is a private network that cannot be accessed out of the intranet
MANs (Metropolitan area Networks) – refers to granting connections of two devices, given that they are in the same city. The signal and strength of the MAN will depend of the size of the city, if the city is a larger scale, the MAN will have to stretch of the whole city.
VPN (Virtual Private Network), it can stretch and grant more access to a private network by using the public network such as the Internet. The VPN can be accessed only online, with security, it is a smart way of setting up internet connection, because the private service will be much faster.
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intranet
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area_network
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network
3) Peer-to-peer networks connect multiple computers in order for them to share resources and information. The data is stored on all computers in the network and shared between them. This can be difficult for finding and regulating information, as there is no central location or server to keep track of it all. This means when trying to access a certain resource or material, the individual must access the specific computer it is stored. This is convenient for small local networks but often gets very unorganized with larger, cooperation-based networks. A server-based network centralizes around a server that controls and regulates the resources. All the information in the network is stored here and it acts as the authority that decides what computers in the network have access to which resources.
4) A server is a base computer, or a master computer, where information can be taken by client computers which connects to the base computer for this use. Normally our computers we use would be considered the client computer, as the server computer is computers connected over the network for other computers to connect to.
5) The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Model is a theoretical model that attempts to display and explain the foundations of a network. It organizes network functions into seven layers from lowest to highest: physical, data-link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. The OSI model is used to describe and fix networking issues, as well as to teach networking and computer engineers how various technologies interact and communicate with one another. It is a great template for breaking down and analyzing any network.
6) Five different network arcetetures are the Physical Layer, the Deta Linking Layer, the Network Layer, the Transport Layer and the Application Layer. The physical layer is made up of the electrical and/ or physical portion of the network or the outlet in which the network works (cords, etc.) The Deta Linking Layer acts as the programming portion and corrects any errors that may be found in the physical layer. The network layer provides transferring variable length data sequences when using information from another host. The transport layer allows the transfer of information between hosts. The application layer’s main purposes is to, identify different partners or hosts that are being used when down lading certain information, resource availability and synchronising communication.
Sources:
http://en.kioskea.net/faq/2761-what-is-network-architecture
http://web.mit.edu/people/dimitrib/Intro_Data_Nets.pdf
7) Protocols- A protocol is a set of computer rules that govern what has the ability to get transmitted on your screen. Visually a protocol looks like a long chain of actions where the original image gets transmitted through and altered at every station on its way out.
TCP/ IP- TCP stands for Transition Control Protocol, and IP stands for Internet Protocol. It is used to connect hosts to the internet.
Visually it looks like a middle hub sending out messages to receiving links.
FTP- FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is used to transfer files over from one host to another.
Visually it looks like a transfer of information from one computer to another.
HTTP- HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. It is used to define how messages are formatted and transmitted.
Visually it’s shown at the beginning of the request cycle before it goes through the computer.
Telnet-A telnet is a network protocol that allows a user on one computer to log into another computer that’s a part of the same network.
Visually a telnet is shown on the outside linking in to the network and accessing a gateway
8) A router is a device responsible for the transmission and direction of data between networks. It is located at a gateway, the place where two or more networks connect, and regulates data flow between them. This means a router is always connected to at least two networks, and often more. Routers join multiple computers and networks to one server which transmits information to and form the internet, instead of having several computers in one location with each network hooked up individually to the server.
9) A firewall is a software or network security system that controls the network traffic that comes in and out of your computer. It does so by analyzing the data and determines whether they are permitted to pass through or not.
10) A web server holds basic web pages when an FTP server is usually a password protected server that allows a connection to be made between two computers and grants them access to upload or download files.
11) An IP address is a long string of numbers that is used to identify a specific computer’s digital footprint. For example, when somebody posts something on the internet, their IP address is linked to the post and even if they do not allow viewers to see their work, it can be traced back to them anyway using an IP address.
Sources:
http://whatismyipaddress.com/
12) The following video explains exactly how to transfer files to a web serverhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jwG9DWB1V0
Credits:
1, 2, 4 – Jesse
3, 5, 8 – David
6, 11, 12 – Leighton
7, 9, 10 – Ginlucia